What Is the Plural of Octopus

Question: What Is the Plural of Octopus? Answer:  You really cant go  wrong if you try to come up with a plural for octopus on your own. Like many nouns, it has a few acceptable plural forms. The correct forms are octopuses, octopodes, or octopi. Advice: stick with octopuses in the U.S. It is the most commonly-accepted plural form of octopus.

Synthesis Essays - 1243 Words

Gay/Lesbian Families Adoption is an extremely sensitive subject,(insert dash) especially for individuals who are Gay or Lesbian. There is much controversy on the topic. There are a variety of ways to which it isn’t possible for a couple to adopt. Infertility is becoming a greater problem in our time. In Gerald P. Mallon’s article, â€Å"Assessing Lesbian and Gay Prospective Foster and Adoptive Families: A Focus on the Home Study Process,† in 2007. He introduces a few different ways gay men and lesbian couples go about starting a family and mentions how the decision to adopt or become a foster parent for a child is a huge step in parenting. There are even more studies today that show, gay men and lesbians make good parents. In Scott Weber’s†¦show more content†¦Parenting is not solely dependent on sexuality, rather a variety of developed and learned skills throughout one’s life. A heterosexual couple may even be absolutely wrong for a child to foster or adopt. Like any, gay men and lesbian couples must complete a full assessment with an agency and then the agency determines whether the couple is fit or right for the child or children. There is a high demand for children who need a permanent home. In retrospect to the fact that for gay men and lesbian couples adoption or foster care is a first choice; it is also the individuals personal choice to be gay or lesbian. It is becoming more popular for gay men and lesbians to go public with their choice. Should they be permitted to adopt or foster a child? Both parties have a good knowledge as to the process of how a child is conceived. Therefore they understand that in their decision they will not be able to bear children. In that they have also decided to not conceive children of their own amongst themselves. Adoption is not an easy process and for gay men and lesbians to get the chance of adopting a child before a heterosexual couple wanting to adopt is also not reasonable yet adoption agencies will play a major role in finding a home best suitable for each individual child. Adoption agencies will determine the ‘best fitting parents’ in regards, to the best interest of the child. In terms, of the best interest of the child, Weber shows research which bringsShow MoreRelatedThe Grignard Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol3162 Words   |  13 Pagesremove the oxide from the surface of the magnesium metal so that the magnesium could react more effectively in the Grignard synthesis. To this, anhydrous ether was added to the flask to serve as the solvent for the Grignard synthesis reaction. Anhydrous ether was added as opposed to regular ether because it contains no water. This is important for the Grignard synthesis because the presence of water would not allow the solvent to have the coordination and blanketing effects as described in theRead MoreSynthesis Essay : 25 Di ( 2h 1886 Words   |  4 Pages4-d]thiazoles and antimicrobial activity. INTRODUCTION Benzothiazoles are heterocyclic compounds with multiple application and although they have been known from long ago to be biologically active.1-3 Recently, Racane et al4 have described the synthesis of bis-subsituted amidinobenzothiazoles as potential anti-HIV agents. The condensation of dithio-oxamide with aromatic aldehyde was described by Ephraim.5 More recently, Johnson and Ketcham6 studied the reaction and established the structure ofRead MoreMultistep Synthesis Chemistry Experiment1756 Words   |  8 PagesMultistep Synthesis of Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone In this laboratory experiment a synthesis was performed through several separate steps. The purpose of the experiment was to synthesize tetraphenylcyclopentadienone from benzaldehyde and to run reactions on carbonyl containing compounds. There was a total of three steps that led up to the synthesis of the final product, tetraphenylcyclopentadienone. The first step of the experiment was the condensation of benzaldehyde to yieldRead MoreEssay about Acoustic Theory and Synthesis1158 Words   |  5 PagesAcoustic Theory and Synthesis Frequency: Frequency means the number of cycles per second and depending on the amount of cycles per second determines how high or low pitched the sound is and the time that it takes to complete one cycle is called the period. Frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz). And An average human is able to hear sounds between 20Hz and 20,000Hz. As the cycles per second increases, the smaller the wavelengths become, therefore there is a higher frequency which will causeRead MoreSynthesis Of Aspirin Synthesis825 Words   |  4 PagesSynthesis of Aspirin Erin Chase Arellano CHEM 12A ABSTRACT Acetylsalicylic or most commonly known as Aspirin is made through a combination of salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. It is use to relieve mild to moderate pain such as muscle pain, headaches and common cold and reduce fever. The objective of this experiment was to synthesize aspirin from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. The purity of aspirin was tested using the ferric chloride test and % yield was also calculated. Below drawingRead MoreSynthesis1523 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Synthesis â€Å"The kingdom of heaven is within the mind of a person, not within the collective mindlessness of a crowd.† In the articles, â€Å"The Only True God and Jesus Christ Whom He Hath Sent†, by Jeffery R. Holland and â€Å"Propaganda under a dictatorship†, by Aldous Huxley are two totally different topics. This paper will be a breaking down of the two articles and finding the similarities between the two of them. It will be interesting, but nothing is impossible. The two topics are Hitler wanting soRead MoreSynthesis Of Organic Compounds : Synthesis862 Words   |  4 Pages Laboratory 5: Synthesis of Organic Compounds Introduction: In this experiment, aspirin will be synthesized from salicylic acid using acetic anhydride. The sodium salt was initially prescribed for its antipyretic and analgesic effects, but the salt was too irritating to the stomach, so a phenyl ester version was developed as a replacement. The esterified version passed successfully through the acidic stomach without irritation. It was hydrolyzed in the basic environmentRead MoreA Study On Using Enhanced Efficeincy1195 Words   |  5 Pages7-(diethylaminocoumarin-4-yl)methoxy carbonyl (DEACM), and 6-bromo-7-hydroxycoumarinyl-4-yl-methyl (Bhcmoc) and 6-bromo-7-methoxycoumarinyl-4-yl-methyl (Bmcmoc). A combination of NPOM and NDBF caging group strategy has enabled two-photon caged phosphoramidite for DNA synthesis (Lusic et al., 2010). Protecting group Nucleobase Protection site Deprotection conditions References o-nitrobenzyl (o-NB) C(N4) A(N6) G(N2) T(O4) Aq sodium citrate buffer (pH 3.5)/t-BuOH Pyrex filterd light from mercury lamp Stutz and PitschRead MoreUsing Devices Used For Chemical Reactions1509 Words   |  7 Pageswho are looking for better and reliable methods to access new and potentially useful materials. Microwaves devices designed specifically for chemical synthesis thus make things easier for industrial and academic chemists alike.1 So, this technique becomes a widely accepted energy source for performing chemical reactions. Although microwave synthesis is relatively a modern technique, the first synthetic application was reported in 1971.2 However, considerable attention in the field was observed inRead MoreBiological Processes Through Light Regulation Essay774 Words   |  4 Pages(X) introduced by the Deiters group is of particular interest. Figure 2.1.39 shows the synthesis of NPOM-caged thymidine phsophoramidite S.62 (Lusic et al. 2007) from nucleoside S.63 using reagent S.64, and DNA incorporating NPOM-caged thymdine was prepared by standard phosphoramidite chemistry and irradiated at 365 nm to afford active oligo with Watson–Crick base pairing (Figure 2.1.40). Figure 2.1.39 Synthesis of NPOM-caged thymidine phosphoramidite. Figure 2.1.41 Nucleobase caging by NPOM protection

Original Writing Coursework Free Essays

I always knew I was different, but it wasn’t until I hit the 4 or 5 mark, when I first started interacting with other children my age, that I realised I wasn’t normal, and in this culture, not being normal, was bad. I started to realise I was unique in lots of small situations, such as in class the teachers would ask us if we knew the answer, the other children would comply and quite often get it wrong. How often I lay awake wondering, if they could do what I do, would there be any need for this? Is it all a sham? That was when the paranoia set in, the endless tumbling or random thoughts in my mind as they swirled around questioning every flicker in another persons eye, every dodgy look sent my way was examined analysed and pondered. We will write a custom essay sample on Original Writing Coursework or any similar topic only for you Order Now At such a young age of course this had a negative impact on me, and I was very much alone in that place, as the other children avoided me because in my own way I shunned them, alienated them, to afraid to get to close to them, to insecure really, all because of this, this ‘gift’ I had. If I was a second rate charlatan, in some country fete that sat in the back of a dark tent with a scrap of cloth across my eyes, I would claim I could read minds, and then it would be a case of off I go to the mental hospital; â€Å"Hello miss, I can read your mind, and I know just how much you despise us and if you had your way you would hang us from the third floor window.† No. This is not what people want to know, just imagine how much they would spurn you, if they knew just how deeply into them you could travel, just how closely you could experience their emotions, like a rollercoaster, a back seat passenger in the ride of their life. So I kept quiet, and eventually over the years I have learned how to use my gift to my own advantage, and yes, I call it my gift because, as I like to imagine, it was given to me for some higher reason. Why? You ask, wondering why such an amazing thing would be bestowed upon some middle-class girl with no real experiences under her belt except the ones she has felt through leaching the minds of others. Maybe that is the answer to your question, give a girl, exactly the same as me in every way, apart from she has grown up in a starving family of seven, their every day, week, month is a struggle for ample food and warmth. How overwhelming would my gift be to that poor girl? Not only is she experiencing her own torrid state, but sevenfold from her extensive, suffering family. Do you think she could handle this? Would she be able to explore it? Question it? Try to understand it to the extent I have? I often like to think there was a reason I was chosen, not just a freak clash of genetics in the womb and hey-presto she’s a mutant. Every day I wonder how and why I will use it, and I hope one day it will become clear, that my mind will suddenly expand and I will just know, like in those films you see and everything is so blurry and out of focus to them and some divine intervention occurs and it all becomes razor sharp and resolute. Until then I continue as normal, living every day as easily as I can, learning always the extend and limitations of my abilities, such as I can’t send thoughts, I seem to be more like a receiver than a transmitter. However on one very unusual day it seemed that I linked the minds of two people, I’ve never really understood how, or why, or even if it really took place, but deep down I know that I did, and it has perplexed me ever since . The two subjects were a boy and a girl, they had only one class with me, and in this class they were forever holding hands, continuously whispering and having those shared ‘moments’ which they find so special but the rest of the room find nauseating. Anyway, I was on something I like to call ‘open mode’ where I allow the shallow superficial thoughts of the people in the room to wash over me, meaning it needs little or no concentration from me, and I found it very soothing. However a sharp spike of emotion punctured the noise, which in a metaphorical sense is very much like screaming into a noisy room, everything went silent as my gift zoomed in on this one particular mind. It turned out to be the boy, who was sat at the back with this girl, his arm casually slung across the back of her chair, his face lit up with easy laughter, but his thoughts were like dirt, they had an aura of a bad smell which left me nauseated. As it turned out the boy was sleeping with his girlfriends so called best friend and my god did he revel in it! It wasn’t just the smug masculine thought of it, he was actually proud of himself, of the thought he could break this girls heart to pieces if he wanted, he loved the control and had absolutely no compassion for this girl he was cruelly playing. How angry I was, that this boy even dared to do something like this, and then so nonchalantly continue, be so happy about what he was doing, in some small way I pitied him, but only very briefly, and this small shred was overwhelmed and converted to anger as quickly as it had occurred. How I wished the girl could know, that she could see this cess pit lurking behind this pretty boy faà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ade, and I think that’s what did it, my pure raw emotion connected the two, only briefly, but it was enough. The girl must of seen something in the boy, a glimpse of what I had encountered, and it scared her, so much so that sh e distanced herself from him, she never did fully realise why she ran away from him, but ultimately I think she knew she had done the right thing, she had spared herself. See is this what I’m here for? To protect girls from their unfaithful other halves? I like to think not, but at the same time I was just happy I was accomplishing something with my gift, at a time when I was still to naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve to know what I could really accomplish, just how far I could go. For years I wondered what I was to become, I did well in all my exams, as the questions I didn’t know I could glean from the minds of others, and yes it is cheating, but no-where in the rules is mind reading prohibited, so I used it to my advantage. Even when my education was over I was still perplexed, every day was a constant annoyance as I tried to figure out how best to use my gift, to what mundane earthly job was it suited for? I quizzed myself non-stop, losing sleep and growing more irritable, and at this point I lived alone in a small shabby flat in Sheffield, so I was allowed no reprieve from my thoughts. I was working a full time job in the local supermarket, taking a gap year to save some money before I finally got my act together and applied at a university, finally figured my sorry state out. And yes eventually it did happen, like I had hoped it would a blinding flash of illumination came over me, it wasn’t anywhere special, there was no earth-shattering clash of thunder, the heavens didn’t suddenly open, no. I was sat talking on my phone, my frozen hands clutching the small thing to my ear and my entire body shook continuously to warm itself up. We were talking about mindless girl stuff if I remember, she was telling me about some show she had been watching, and oh it was so exciting and I just had to see it, well me being an ice block I just murmured back an unintelligible response. Suddenly she stopped her babbling and started tutting and sighing theatrically. ‘I honestly don’t know who writes all this, but it’s all lies anyway.’ Being quite used to her vague tangents I inquired further, ‘Well these bloody Politicians’ came back her heated answer, ‘They just get someone else to write their speeches and cart out the same old promises year after year, and how much of it is ever actually put into practice? None’ However I had stopped listening to her, because this was what I had been waiting for, babbling excitedly into the phone I apologised profusely to her and promised to call her back later. No longer cold from my excitement I keyed in my parents home number from memory, almost falling over in my tension as it rang. ‘Hello?’ My Dad. Breathless I gabbled into the phone ‘Dad, I want to be a Politician.’ How to cite Original Writing Coursework, Papers

Link Between Perceived Human Resource Management Practices

Question: Explanation of the role of HR and the contribution that effective HR management makes to effective business management in differing types of organisation/sectors.? An identification of the legal and organisational requirements laid on business in relation to equality and diversity, and HR s role in ensuring that all legal obligations are met ? An identification of the reasons for the need to recruit and retain a flexible labour force in all organisations and an identification of the HR strategies used to achieve this aim.? The provision of a critical analysis of the main perspectives on HRM in the academic literature and an identification of the similarities and differences between current HRM perspectives? Answer: Introduction Human resource management is a significant part of the organization mainly concerned with the dimension of people or workforce. Employees are considered to be the asset of an organization which shall lead a company towards a sustainable growth. Moreover, HRM is an approach that consist of four key functions i.e. recruitment of people, staffing, training, development and motivation of employees (Alfes, 2013). In other HR management is involved in four main activities that include getting people, preparing them, stimulating them and retaining them. The purpose of the discussion is to analyze the role of HR in contemporary business. Moreover, this report will shed light on the role and contribution made by HR management in varied organization and sector thereby giving rise to an effective business management. The role of HR The role of Human Resource significantly revolves around acquiring the right talent in order to develop a companys competitive advantage. An effective HR management considers efficient recruitment and selection process of candidates that can only done with a clear knowledge about the type of talent needed by the company. Moreover, the human resource initiatives put forwarded by multinational companies or contemporary business models enforce on building cross-cultural workforce (Amarakoon, Weerawardena and Verreynne, 2013). The trend to develop diversified workforce is increasing at a higher rate with the focus to get the most of diverse ideas from people having different cultural background. According to Buller and McEvoy (2012), the concept of integration and learning perspectives is eventful for an organization as it adds value, augment synergy, and directly contribute in strategic growth of business. However, Caligiuri (2014) opined that, companies or HRM should should integrate a nd value the skills, insight and experiences that employees tends to acquire over time as a part of their cultural uniqueness. Hence, the recommended approach clearly promote relationship building that leads to cooperation- an initiative to work together that the international HR counter parts can help facilitate. Moreover, the functioning of HR supports the underlying objectives and not only ensures its compliance with the legislation but also enable an effective move towards strategic development. The HRM objectives are considered in details below: Staffing objectives HR ensures staffing of the right person that is available at the right time in the right place (DuBois and Dubois, 2012).HR is responsible to implement appropriate recruitment and selection process considering the nature of job. In addition, HR must ensure that the people recruited are retained either offering them with development process or reward systems. Performance objectives Once the staff is recruited they should be motivated to perform. Performance targets can be introduced through development processes and appraisal programs where employers invite the staff members to have a discussion about their future ambitions and performance (Edwards, M.R. and Edwards, 2013). In addition, HR management is responsible to develop necessary strategies to enable the employees meet their ambition. For example, House of Fraser store make use of appraisal programs with the focus to enable its staff receive training in specific domain, for personal development and improvement skills. Such an approach by House of Fraser is done not only improve expertise but also to identify future managers in line. Change management Change management is essential for organizations in order to keep up with the fast pace of development in contemporary businesses. Organizations should be flexible and adaptable, which is enforced by the HR management to maintain the objectives and policies in place to manage change (Jamali, El Dirani and Harwood, 2015). For example, The market share of Apple computers was declined due to the monopoly of Microsoft Windows OS. However, the company is now leading the way in music technology on re-inventing itself with the iPod. Hence, it is evident that, Apple would have faced a tough time to respond the rapid changes without implementing a change management in system. Hence to achieve this, the process of recruitment, selection and development strategies needs to be feed into the objectives of change management. HR theory This portion of the paper broadly discusses about the significant functions and role played by Human resource management in contemporary business model. Shedding light on the functions, the four key functions of HR are considered in details below: Administration HR department is responsible for a range of target hiring that are established prior to filling up a position based on the following criteria: Budgeted fund for the position Identification of experience or skills suitable for the position Paying salaries by assessment of the relevant competitive market The hiring budget in case of contemporary businesses must range between $3000 to $8500.For certain highly specialized positions , a wider spread should be appropriate HR department is responsible to maintain regular records of employees that include attendance, time-keeping, maintenance of discipline, etc (Jiang et al. 2012). In addition, HR duty comprises of Payroll maintenance of employees. Their payroll functions involve balancing and reconciling of payroll data, depositing and reporting of taxes. Moreover, the HR payroll department takes care of record keeping, wage deduction, and verifying the reliability of employee payment data. Negotiation The salary of hire or internal promotion is determined by the effective negotiation by the HR department. A demotion normally requires a reduction in salary. The negotiation of salary for hiring, lateral job changes, promotion or demotion is established by the HR department considering the following factors (Knies et al. 2015). Individual experience and credentials are compared with those in similar positions within the employing unit. Individual experience and credentials are compared to the relevant market. The expected level of performance of an individual is considered HR department facilitate the employee-employer relationship by enforcing employee relations programs which forms a typical part of Human resource strategy (Minbaeva et al. 2013). This significant program put into effect consistent and fair treatment to all employees, focuses and resolves issues that affects employee performance, support work-life balance, consider pay and benefits, offer safe working environment. Offering legal input to employment process Employment legislation needs to be adhered encompassing the areas of equal opportunities, diversity management, dealing with remuneration and compensation, reward system, retention and training programs (Park, 2012). The HR department must follow the employment legislation mainly the Civil rights act 1964 that made discrimination against employee recruitment respective to race, religion, color, nationality as illegal. It also fosters the employees to follow fair practices in relation to hiring, training, payment, promotion and benefit, virtually all encompassing activities related to HRM. Organizational development The HRM should be integrated and organized in a way to fit within the organizational structure and fulfill its mission thereby making an overall organizational development. Referring the Michigan model, HRM focuses on strategic control by putting the systems in place for managing people (Purce, 2014). Organizational development is evident when HRM can effectively identify the needs of human assets and potentially manage to attain the strategic goals. Main perspective of HRM HR professionals tends to posses three significant roles that include strategic partnership, employee advocate, change mentor Strategic Partnership HR professionals act as strategic partners with the business by demonstration of support for the organizational strategies, deliver value, and thereby demonstrate credibility. Increasing credibility leads to intensify trust, which in turn cements the position of HR department as a strategic partner in the organization. Employee advocate HR professionals plays the role of employee advocate by encompassing their involvement in day to day problems, needs of employees, workforce concerns, solve their issues, etc. As an employee advocate HR professionals make a clear alignment between the employee interest and organizational goals and objectives which in turn intensify a positive psychological contract between the employee and employers(Rahman, Mondol and Ali, 2013). Change mentor HR professionals act as the mentor for employees in order to make them familiar with the organizational change by providing personal support, increasing their confidence, Revitalizing their interest in work, as a whole it provides a positive angle of the changes taking place. The present environment of business Factor Issue HR response Political This context refers to the type of government in power. Such as, Conservative government tends to favor the employer over employees (i.e. by removal of minimum wage). Traditional labor Government focuses on employee benefit and develops close links with the Union (Schur, Colella and Adya, 2014). New labor lines reintroduce the concept of minimum wage and also forms closer link with the industry by encouraging private and public partnerships. With every change in government, the HR professional must identify the impact on its organization and the department itself. Economic It refers to the health of the nation. If a business is thriving and rate of unemployment is low, it becomes harder to find and retain employees(Seval and Caner, 2015). In times of economic downfall, unemployment increases with a greater option of labor, however the organization has to downsize as well offering a healthy return to the stakeholders. In such a situation, HR professional should develop operations overseas where labor is cheap, such as by prudential of its call centers to India, outsourcing all or some functions, as a result HR can purse competitive advantage. Social Society has numerous unemployed youths and increased rate of unemployment however; the organization does not make any effort to recruit. HR professionals must make room for the native workers initiating there recruitment process rather focusing on cheap labors from overseas Technological It refers to the technological readiness of the organization in order to maintain competitive advantage. Previously, the HR manager used to keep paper records, probably with minimum information (Tian, Cordery and Gamble,2014). With the advancement in technology HRM is anticipated to collect national insurance, tax, pension, and maintain security of information in compliance with the data protection Act. Conclusion Every organization operates with significant mission, vision and objectives in order to achieve competitive growth and long term sustenance. Business organizations implement strategies to achieve organizational growth, improve market penetration, increasing their sales products and make profit as a whole. All of the factors are driven by efficient group of people. This is when the role of HR comes into play as all of the above mentioned objectives can be obtained by the deployment of human resources in place. References Alfes, K., Shantz, A.D., Truss, C. and Soane, E.C., 2013. The link between perceived human resource management practices, engagement and employee behaviour: a moderated mediation model.The international journal of human resource management,24(2), pp.330-351. Amarakoon, U., Weerawardena, J. and Verreynne, M.L., 2013. Theorising about the role of HR innovation in the competitive advantage of firms. InAustralian Centre for Entrepreneurship Research Exchange Conference 2013. Buller, P.F. and McEvoy, G.M., 2012. Strategy, human resource management and performance: Sharpening line of sight.Human resource management review,22(1), pp.43-56. Caligiuri, P., 2014. Many moving parts: Factors influencing the effectiveness of HRM practices designed to improve knowledge transfer within MNCs.Journal of International Business Studies,45(1), pp.63-72. DuBois, C.L. and Dubois, D.A., 2012. Strategic HRM as social design for environmental sustainability in organization.Human Resource Management,51(6), pp.799-826. Edwards, M.R. and Edwards, T., 2013. Employee responses to changing aspects of the employer brand following a multinational acquisition: A longitudinal study.Human Resource Management,52(1), pp.27-54. Jamali, D.R., El Dirani, A.M. and Harwood, I.A., 2015. Exploring human resource management roles in corporate social responsibility: the CSR HRM co creation model.Business Ethics: A European Review,24(2), pp.125-143. Jiang, K., Lepak, D.P., Hu, J. and Baer, J.C., 2012. How does human resource management influence organizational outcomes? A meta-analytic investigation of mediating mechanisms.Academy of management Journal,55(6), pp.1264-1294. Knies, E., Boselie, P., Gould-Williams, J. and Vandenabeele, W., 2015. Special issue of International Journal of Human Resource Management: Strategic human resource management and public sector performance.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,26(3), pp.421-424. Minbaeva, D.B., Pedersen, T., Bjrkman, I. and Fey, C.F., 2013. A retrospective on: MNC knowledge transfer, subsidiary absorptive capacity, and HRM.Journal of International Business Studies,45(1), pp.52-62. Park, G., 2012. Effect of Corporate Design Organization and Human Resource Administration on Company Results and Design Capability.Journal of Digital Design,12(1), pp.213-223. Purce, J., 2014. The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management.New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals), p.67. Rahman, M., Mondol, D.K. and Ali, A., 2013. Nexus Of Employee Motivation With Hrm And Workplace Behaviour: An Assessment Of The Dominant Factors.Management Research and Practice,5(4), p.49. Schur, L., Colella, A. and Adya, M., 2014. Special Issue of the International Journal of Human Resource Management: People with disabilities in the workplace.International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(13), pp.1919-1919. Seval, H. and Caner, H., 2015. The Impact of Human Resource Management Functions on Corporate Image. InChaos, Complexity and Leadership 2013(pp. 435-457). Springer International Publishing. Tian, A.W., Cordery, J. and Gamble, J., 2014, January. Human Resource Management Practices and Employee Job Performance: The Mediation of Job Embeddedness. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2014, No. 1, p. 15800). Academy of Management. Van De Voorde, K., Paauwe, J. and Van Veldhoven, M., 2012. Employee well being and the HRMorganizational performance relationship: a review of quantitative studies.International Journal of Management Reviews,14(4), pp.391-407.

Marine biologist Essays - Biologist, Oceanography, Marine Biology

Marine biologist Marine Biologist The field of marine biology -- the study of marine organisms, their behaviors, and their interactions with the environment -- is considered one of the most all-encompassing fields of oceanography. This field requires the ability to understand marine organisms and their behaviors. A marine biologist must have a basic understanding of other aspects or views of oceanography, such as chemical oceanography, physical oceanography, and geological oceanography. Therefore, marine biologists and biological oceanographers study these other fields throughout their careers, enabling them to take a more open approach to doing research. Because there are so many topics within the field of marine biology, many researchers select a particular interest and specialize in it. Specific studies can be based on a particular species, organism, behavior, technique, or ecosystem. For example, marine biologists may choose to study a single species of clams, or all clams that are native to a climate or region.

Lost in the Bush Essay Example

Lost in the Bush Essay Example Lost in the Bush Essay Lost in the Bush Essay I wandered aimlessley through the bush, my vision blurry and my legs stinging and covered in cuts and scratches. I suddenly collapse onto my knees, and close my eyes. I am so out of breath, ive been walking all day. I look around, and spot a ralativley big nearby tree. I crawl on my hands and knees towards it, then slump underneath it, resting against the rough trunk. My knees are bleeding after crawling accross a few rocks, but i cant feel the pain, i am too tired. I close my eyes, and memories from the last week flash through my head.I remeberd pulling p in the car park, and hopping out with all my walking gear on; my hiking boots, cargo shorts and t-shirt. I had my backpack filled with a water bottle, my phone and some gummy snakes. I walked to the entrance of the bushwalk, and stopped at the sign. It was a ten kilomeetre loop. I had done a few walks so far, and i was getting really into it. I was starting to really enjoy bushwalking, and it was easier than i thought to navigate. On my previous walks, all i had to do was follow plug in my earphones, and follow the trail for a nice relaxing, beautiful walk.But this walk was differnt. i was not experienced, and was not prepared for what was ahead. I wished i had brought a map. i wish i had chosen another walk. i wish i hadnt gotten into bushwalking. I opened my eyes again, and saw all i saw was pitch black. I heard the sounds of the bush around me, rustles in the bush, the chirping cicadas, the light sprnkling of rain. On my first night, i had been terrified, an hadnt gotten a minute of sleep. But now i was used to it, it didnt bother me. I was tired, hungry, cold and sore and all i wanted to do was go home.Tears filled my eyes as questions filled my head. Would i ever see home again? would i ever see my families faces again? I closed my eyes once more and remeber how i had gotten into this mess. I remebered walking for ahout an hour, before coming to a fork in the path. There was a small signpost with a faint arrow on it, so i followed it. Thinking nothing of it i continued, until i came to another fork in the road, and continued to follow the faint arrows, until after a few, i came to a dead end. I was a bit puzzled, but tried to trace my steps back the way i came.After about an hour or so i bean to panic. i still hadnt found the main trail, and the sun was begining its descent. I decided i would walk through the bush until i found another path, hopefully the main trail. I reached a trail after plowing throught the bush, but it was not familiar, it was a narrower trail than the others. I followed it for a while, until that to came to a dead end. This was when i really started panicking, and i began to break into a run through the bush, desperatley trying to find a trail before the it turned dark.I was soaking wet now, but i had stopped weeping, if i was going to get out of this forest alive i would have to be strong. The last few days had been a blur, spending my whole days trying to f ind my way out, trying to find possible things to eat other than my remaining gummy snakes. My phone was useless after the first day, i had no reception, and it had run out of battery thanks to my time spent listening to music. I decided i would need a good nights rest, i would need a plan to get out of here.I woke up in the morning, and my vision had cleared. My guess was that it was because of lack of sleep that i couldnt see straight the night before, but i wasnt sure. As i looked around, i examined my surroundins. My eyes widened and i froze. I recognized this part of the forest, i was sure of it. I was suddenly filled with excitment, as i paced around the area looking for signs or pathways. Then i saw it poking out from under some leaves. A wooden post sticking out from the floor, definitley man-made.I started laughing, and jumping up and down. I was so excited, it could mean i was closer to a path, closer to getting out. I shouldnt have gotten so excited over something so smal l, but it was the first sign of humans since i got lost. I searched for another twenty minutes and eventually found another small post about one hundred meters away fom the ther, this one protuding out further form the ground. I followed this line of posts until i had found about nine posts. That when i saw it.The bush began to thin out, and in the distance i could see a path. I ran as fast as i could until i got to the path, and recognized it instantly. I was crying at this point i was so happy. I ran for a good ten minutes, not dropping speed for a second. Then i saw it, i could see the sign. I started wailing as i turned the corner and saw the police cars surrounding the entrance. I collapsed onto the floor infront of one police car, my clothes torn, my breathing heavy and my skin cut everywhere, but i had made it.

Finance - Budgeting Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Finance - Budgeting Paper - Essay Example Thus, an external way is proposed to finance the budget deficit financed by collection of taxes. The budget deficit is expected to accrue from the demand of residents of Kelsey state for more security operations around the City of Kelsey to curb the rising insecurity levels in recent times (Premchad 1989). Also, the recent federal government policy to cut down state government financial allocations will reduce the amount of funds needed to satisfy all the state priorities. The money sourced from the new source is to be fully allocated to the security department within the city council of Kelsey. This will be essential for more local policing surveillance around the city and its environs. Also, in order to fill the deficit created, the budget committee has proposed a number of fund reductions in some state operations in the coming year. The fund that would have being allocated to the proposed departments to face fund reduction, is under the proposal of the committee to be channeled to wards hiring more police officers, increased surveillance and building of new prisons in the coming fiscal year (Adams and Williams 2010). 2.0 June 2012/ June 2013 Budget Plan; The budgetary plan for this fiscal year as illustrated below is an outline of the general framework of budget goals and objectives that needs to be met on state operations, servicing debts, capital expenditure, state reserves and financial reporting (Lee, Joyce and Wayne 2008). The budget plan proposal for this fiscal year provides standards that can allow current budget performance to be measured against in the future budget proposals that may face similar or unique problems the city of Kelsey is currently facing. The city is facing a security threat from a rate of crime it has never faced before. The rate of crime has been noted as a big threat towards the social, political and economical development to the resident of Kelsey city. This has called for an immediate action against the crimes to prevent the ci ty from the posing disaster. I, as the budget manager of Kelsey state fiscal budget together with the budget committee have come up with a budget proposal that tries to reflect the cure of the problem (Riley and Colby 1991). The annual budget, under the fiscal policy of Kelsey state as per the state statue is adopted by November and completed in June. The budget is required under the state fiscal policy also, to be debated for six months prior to its adoption. Under the current environment of an escalating crime level, I have proposed that the fiscal cycle to be amended in order for the security concerned departments to access funds to curb the crimes. The budget proposal should be debated in the month of May by the mayor and the council and adopted in June. This has been noted that it will be against the fiscal policy of Kelsey state, but it will be necessary in the fight against the crime level before it hits uncontrollable level. 2.1 Operating budget plan; The current revenues wi ll not be enough to finance current operating expenditures. This is as a result of the proposal to increase budget allocation towards policing operations. The estimated general fund for the state operating revenue is expected to be $ 40 millions and the expenditures under operations are expected to be $ 50 millions. The ratio of the two estimates stands at 1: 1.25 which means the estimated

Marketing Audit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Audit - Essay Example Market planning can be defined as â€Å"all rational, incremental and intuitive processes that guide a firm’s marketing to its future.† (RAO. 2007) When we talk about marketing planning it may seem as an easy process, however in reality it’s a complicated multifaceted process that involves every aspect of an organization. Marketing planning can be referred to activities that are undertaken by the managers to achieve marketing objectives. In other words it’s a process to identify range of options that are available to the manager in order to achieve marketing objectives and then evaluate those options and plan accordingly. The outcomes of marketing planning process are the marketing strategies to achieve marketing objectives. Marketing planning involves a systematic process of reviewing the situation, assumption formulation, setting objectives about whom to sell and how to, decisions regarding the achievement of objectives and scheduling and costing out act ivities required for implementation. (MCDONALD & WILSON. 2011) The market planning comprises of four basic components, these include marketing objectives, marketing audit, marketing strategies and resource allocation and monitoring. All these components are interlinked and are extremely important for marketing planning. I shall discuss these components in detail further. I’ve been emphasizing that the aim of the marketing planning is to achieve marketing objective, marketing objectives are something that the marketing function strives to achieve as a part of business strategic plan which usually includes increase in sales, awareness about products, creation of brand, increase in market share etc, then these goals are converted to objectives which are measurable, like increasing sales and market share by 15% within one year, this could be measured by analyzing annual sales data and industry data and other publications. (LEVENS. 2012) Marketing Objectives and Strategies In order to achieve these marketing objectives the company has to make marketing strategies. The marketing objectives identified must be in accordance with company’s overall objectives. Marketing objectives can be easily identified on the basis of marketing mix objectives which simplifies the objectives setting process which later on lays basis for marketing strategies to achieve those objectives. A marketing strategy is a series of action statements which are also known as tactics. Effective marketing strategy is critical to successful marketing plan; therefore these would be given extra importance when a marketing plan is being set up. (LANCASTER & MASSINGHAM. 2010) The Integration of Marketing Planning into Objectives and Strategies Planning itself includes goal setting and development of strategies to achieve those goals. The objective or goals and strategies to achieve these will be the outcome of marketing planning process. The marketing strategies tell what should be done and the strategic and operational plans guide how the strategies s hould

The Descartes Method of Doubt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Descartes Method of Doubt - Essay Example Though  Descartes' views can be considered subjective, the drive to seek knowledge and to prove different concepts had been recognized related to doubt (Gillespie 761). Descartes manner of seeking knowledge was corresponding to the scientific method which starts with a problem. His scientific queries started with doubt, but not with self-doubt. He stated that ideas that had been reflected from his mind were presented and simply stated without prejudice. Then the questions were divided into specific questions that can be clearly answered. The reflective process was then applied to each query on the basis of difficulty or the preset order. Upon the completion of specific ideas, the generalized views were then achieved (Williams 18). Descartes trust on reflective thought is the first principle where he based the subsequent views (Gillespie 761). In his First Meditations, he raised grounds for doubting beliefs in everyday existence. Examples of the arguments presented by Descartes are lunacy and God arguments which raised doubts on opposing groups of believers (Broughton 1). In the process of raising doubts, his main objective is to achieve absolute certainty. In addition, he focused on the method of inquiry because he believed that if doubts on the method of seeking knowledge were eliminated, certainty can be achieved (Broughton 1). In Descartes’ Discourse, he presented the Method of Doubt as the method used in the investigation of the foundations of philosophy (Broughton 1). The application of the said though was not limited to philosophy since he also used the method in mathematical research and queries (p. 5). What then is the main aim of Descartes in the establishment of the method? The Method of Doubt is the method of Descartes in the conception of knowledge. His views mean that knowledge should be uncertain and it should lack any form of doubt. For that matter, he raised doubts and uncertainty to be answered and to be eliminated (Broughton 7-8). His main aim then is to achieve concepts that cannot be doubted and refuted. Descartes’ skepticism is another point of the query because of his view on raising doubt and the application of skepticism in scientific and philosophical inquiries. Based on his view though, his intentions of proving knowledge by raising doubts and skepticism were not because he was a skeptic. Based on the researches on the Method of Doubt by Descartes, the skepticism can be considered as a positive element since it can make scientists face the doubts associated with the quest for knowledge. Instead of moving away from the doubts, they were tackled head-on and resolved (Perin 52). Conclusion The Method of Doubt by Descartes had contributed significantly to the method of scientific, mathematical and philosophical inquiry and research in the modern era. Being a skeptic or not had been an important element in Descartes achievements into becoming the Father of Modern Philosophy.

Reflective essay on social work

Reflective essay on social work Examine your own personal and professional development in relation to the values of social work. Introduction Social workers are usually motivated either by personal experience, something that has happened in their lives, or by a desire to see that people receive the kind of help that they need in times of crisis. I think that looking at these issues and trying to analyse what motivates you and what helps you to develop professionally are critical issues in social work training. This kind of examination spills over into a person’s professional practice because it helps the social worker to take more care when it comes to assessing a person’s need. This course has helped me to examine my own personal values as they relate to values issues during the course and also how this works out in my professional practice. In some respects values and ethics are interchangeable in this paper, in others values represent the more personal aspect and ethics the wider context. This need to think about my values and the values of social work, is making me into what Schon (1991) calls a reflectiv e practitioner. Shon’s work demonstrates how important it is for social workers to be reflective, to think about what they are doing and to refine their later actions. This reflection is extremely important when it comes to values and how values impact on the way you look at the world and relate to other people. This paper will look at my personal and professional development in relation to the values of social work. There will be an assessment of social values as they are found in the literature that I have looked at during the course. Finally I will evaluate the areas where I would like to develop both personally and professionally in relation to social work values. Personal and Professional Development and Values Issues I think that this course has helped me to assess what my personal values are, not just that they are inherited, but how they have become my own. I believe that this process is invaluable to my personal and professional development and to my understanding of issues to do with values. During my time on the course I have learned to think more deeply about what I do and to examine my own personal values and see how far they might be comparable to the values issues I have been studying. I have also learned that I constantly need to think about what I am doing and how far this agrees or conflicts with my basic values and the values of social work. Shon (1991) has argued that: Professionals claim to contribute to social well-being, put their clients’ needs ahead of their own, and hold themselves accountable to standards of competence and morality. But both popular and scholarly critics accuse the professions of serving themselves at the expense of their clients, ignoring their obligation to public service, and failing to police themselves effectively (Schon, 1991:11-12). The way in which social workers ‘police’ themselves is to think critically about what they are doing, why they are doing it, and what moral implications this may have. Certainly social work ethics does not lead me to believe that the social work profession should serve itself, rather the needs of the client should be most important. There should also be an early establishing of clear relationship boundaries as to great a personal involvement with a client is contrary to what the BASW has to say about social work ethics and values. One of things that I have learned during the course is that in higher education attention always has to be paid to the question of knowledge and what it is that makes knowledge. Since the Enlightenment it has been said that knowledge is drawn from observable facts (as in science) and this has meant that knowledge based on experience is not so highly thought of. The objective, scientific view of knowledge has increasingly been challenged as a narrow view that maintains there is a specific response to situations that a practitioner can employ and thus solve a problem. The Enlightenment view is one which tends to forget that people (both social workers and their clients) are individuals and so there is not one size that fits all, rather each situation has to be responded to in a way that best suits the situation and the people involved. Schon (1991) maintains that this knowledge is acquired through process or doing. It is a key part of reflective practice which recognises the importance of non-rational knowledge. Arguably this type of knowledge is invaluable to social workers because they deal with people and have to think about their relationship with others on a daily basis. Social workers are often faced with a conflict of values, on the one hand there is a particular client and situation and on the other there is an increasing need to satisfy bureaucracy by processing a case as quickly as possible. In a situation like this it is very easy to be governed by rules and procedures and particular theoretical approaches that may have little basis in reality. I am finding that good social work practice puts the needs of the client first and the rules and procedures second, particularly where they might contradict the values of social work. Social work, it would seem to me is based on a common sense of justice and on the basic worth of all human beings. Once this value is acknowledged and it is accepted that all human beings are valuable then the response has to be the one that best suits the situation and the people involved. I have been brought up to have respect for myself and other people and to tell the truth. I have found that if I try to understand my work from this basis which in the literature, is a human rights perspective, then not only am I being true to the values of social work, but I am being true to my own values. Cemlyn and Briskman (2003) argue that social workers who base their practice on concepts of human rights and social justice need to be more aware of how the inequalities that they see in society might affect their practice. Sometimes society and its rules are not always just, society does not always operate in the best interests of the individual person, furthermore, the fact that social care is now based on how well it operates in the market, means that the legal framework within which a social worker has to act may also (however much it is unintended) work against individual rights. In these cases, Cemlyn and Briskman (2003) believe that the social worker has a duty to be prepar ed to go outside of the immediate context and be ready to operate at a personal level from an ethical sense and decision making process that is informed by the valuing of the human person and the concept of human rights. In a contemporary context the notion of human rights is all encompassing, however much the present Government might try to restrict it in many cases. In social work, it is arguably the case that the values of human rights and social justice are different from Enlightenment ideas of human rights and justice.. They are more inclusive in that the concept refers to all people and in this sense they are more true. Such values, it has to be said, should not be at the mercy of a system which is more concerned with rules that are governed by budgetary concerns. Ring (2001) explains this process when he says that: The last two decades have seen an increasing emphasis on the performance of health and social services. This is attributable partly to central governments concern to ensure value for money and contain expenditure, but variations in the range, quality, and costs of care, and failures to protect vulnerable individuals have also been significant concerns (Ring, 2001:1).. Giving way to this means that those who actually need the social services, for instance the poor, or children at risk, or those with physical and mental disabilities, end up the losers and are pushed even further to the margins of society. Reading and Values Practical reflection Ruch (2002) contends makes a practitioner more open to new and different ways of coping with clients and their situations. Social workers also have to be aware of the more rational and theoretical approaches that underpin their work. I have learned from my reading about social values and social work that these things do not operate in isolation but are drawn together when I reflect critically on what I have read and what I am doing. I hope that the critical reflection which is a result of the above two processes means that I will work for the good of whatever client I may be dealing with and that I will be able to hold to the view that oppression is wrong. My reading on social values has taught me that as a social worker my practice should work against oppression. From an ethically informed perspective critical reflection should be a necessary part of social work training and practice because there is always a need to stop and think when you are dealing with peop le. In the same way, an emancipatory and anti-oppressive attitude is a critical component of ethical social work. When a practitioner is driven by target orientated structures then he/she does not have the time to think about what they are doing and to learn from the process. They can then, without meaning it, be drawn into unethical practice, or practice that works against the needs of the client. In this way they can end up violating their professional code of ethics if they are not careful. Social work practice that is based on heavily prescribed rules and actions is not equipped to deal with the complex nature of modern western society. In this way such practice is actually contrary to social work ethics as it neglects the fact that you are dealing with each client and situation on its on merits. Reflective practice, on the other hand, acknowledges the uniqueness of each human being and each situation that arguably makes it much more compatible with social work ethics. Who a person is, their life history their culture, their race, and their gender all affect how they act and judge in a given situation. When I reflect on my work it is a way of noticing where and if I am biased about something and how this affects and influences my perception of a given person or situation. Holding to my personal values and to the values of social work means that I have to get to know myself well. Self-knowledge is, or should be a necessary component in a social worker’s continuing development. Papell (1996) contends that: Social work learners must perceive the human situation which they confront in their practice and recognise that their perceptions are filtered through their own thinking and knowing processes, through their emotions and feeling processes and through the way they themselves integrate and regulate their own doing and behaving. Knowing the self is more than knowing how one feels. It is knowing how one thinks and acts (Papell, 1996:19). How far then, is a social worker being guided by even general ethical principles and his/her own social values, let alone a specific code of practice. Ethics are moral principles on which our behaviour is based and in that sense they are interchangeable with values such as telling the truth and valuing people. Ethical codes on the other hand, while they may be based on moral principles, are not as generalisable in that they refer to particular professions and the way in which professional behaviour is governed. Butler (2000) maintains that such ethical codes cannot be said to be neutral or value free because they have arisen in a particular context for a particular purpose and as such are influenced by the ideologies held in that context. The ethical code or code of practice as it is outlined by the British Association of Social Workers defines social work and the values inherent within the profession in the following way: The social work profession promotes social change, problem solving in human relationships and the empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well-being. Utilising theories of human behaviour and social systems, social work intervenes at the points where people interact with their environments. Principles of human rights and social justice are fundamental to social work (BASW,2001). [1] The Association maintains that ethical practice must be centred on the needs of service users Social workers of necessity intervene in people’s lives and have an influence on situations, ethical decision making is therefore a vital component of social work practice (Osmo and Landau, 2001). The Association is there to give advice to social workers on what constitutes ethical decision making in different contexts. Decision making has to be grounded in the values of ethics of social work. Some of the issues that social workers have to deal with and that involve them in ethical decision making centre around balancing the rights of one individual against others, around public welfare and issues of institutional and structural oppression. This can make life difficult because the social worker has then to identify when institutions and structures are being oppressive and how the values of social work may be used to combat this. Banks (2003) has argued that codes of practice and ethics are often idealistic that is to say that they are too far removed from the situation. Human rights for example might mean ensuring that someone has the right information to access the help they need, it is not always about large scale abuse. Codes of ethics can also encourage a false sense of security as they may be seen as providing a blueprint for how a social worker should act when it is impossible to legislate for every situation. Social workers need to be able to critically reflect on their own practice in order to act in an ethical manner in any given situation. Ethical codes are something that imposed from outside. This means that they do not have anything to say about a practitioner as a person and whether, and in what ways their personal values agree with or differ from the values of social work. It is here that reflection on practice is crucial. Without reflection on previous actions and how these might relate to the code of ethics the social worker could be at a considerable disadvantage in decision making and could either leave a child open to danger or infringe the rights of a possibly innocent client. Social work intervention if it is based on real social values cannot be allowed to be target driven if it is to be truly ethical and based upon notions of social justice. In some respects organisational and managerial ethos does not always fit well with the ideals of social workers and their practice and some councils are not so inclined to recognise the rights of service users. This can leave social workers with a dilemma, do they operate within a human rights framework or don’t they? Moral engagement with clients takes place at a personal level and Husband (1995) maintains that social workers should not feel themselves limited by codes that does not operate within a framework that is informed by human rights and social justice. Ife (2001) argues that within the context of social work practice a framework, and working perspective of human rights: †¦reinforces and validates the traditional understandings and practices of social work while in other cases it challenges some of the assumptions of the social work profession (Ife, 2001:1). Social Work Values and Continuing Personal and Professional Development While continuing professional development can tend to be outcome orientated in that the practitioner is attempting to reach a certain level of professionalism. This does not mean to say that reflective practice should be entirely forgotten and become totally process orientated. Rather, Postle et al. (2002) argue for a more inclusive approach of development where both outcomes and process are of equal value in the practitioner’s continuing development. This inclusive approach is achieved by reflecting on personal values and how far these can be said to be the same as social work values. I think my values are consistent with the values that underpin social work. I think that perhaps my understanding of how these values govern my behaviour and dictate how I deal with clients needs developing further. I also think that I need to pay more attention to what being reflective in my work really means and how this can be achieved. Conclusion Clearly social work values and social work practice have to be understood as two sides of the same coin. A social worker, I believe, cannot operate effectively without recognising how closely connected social values and the business of social work are. How we interpret those values, particularly if they appear to conflict with what is regarded as correct practice, needs careful thought and reflection. Our values may seem to remain constant but they do operate differently in response to different contexts and this is an area which I think needs further development. Adherence to a specific code of ethics and to social work values tends to imply that myself, and others learning to be social workers already possess a certain moral character and will thus act in accordance with specific values that take into account concern for the welfare of others whilst also having a concern for the self. I would hope that eventually this will truly be the case. Until such time, my values of truth and the worth of a person are very much in line with what I have understood about values in the course and what is contained in the literature. I hope that my engagement with social values during the course will lead me to develop into a more efficient, reflective, and ethically informed practitioner. 3000 words Bibliography Banks, S. 2003 From oaths to rulebooks: a critical examination of codes of ethics for the social professions European journal of Social Work Volume 6 No. 2 July 2003 p. 133-144 Barr, J and Steele, T. 2003 â€Å"Revaluing the Enlightenment: Reason and Imagination† Teaching in Higher Education 8 (4) October, 2003 pp.505-515 British Association of Social Workers (2002) The Code of Ethics for Social Work.http://www.basw.co.uk/. Butler, I 2000. A Code of Ethics for Social Work and Social Work Research http://www.elsc.org.uk/socialcareresource/tswr/seminar6/butler.htm Cremlyn, S and Briskman L. 2003 â€Å"Asylum, Children’s Rights and Social Work† Child and Family Social Work 8 (3) pp. 163-178 Gardner, F. 2001 â€Å"Social Work Students and Self-awareness: How does it happen† Reflective Practice 2 (1) 2001 pp.27-40 Husband, C. (1995) The morally active practitioner and the ethics of anti-racist social work. In: Ethical Issues in Social Work (eds R. Hugman D. Smith), pp. 84–103. Routledge, London Ife, J. (2001) Human Rights Social Work: Towards Rights-Based Practice. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Papell, C. (1996) Reflection on issues in social work education in: N. Gould I. Taylor (Eds) Reflective Learning for Social Work (Aldershot, Arena). Postle, K. Edwards , C. Moon, R. Rumsey, H. Thomas, T. 2002 â€Å"Continuing professional development after qualificationpartnerships, pitfalls and potential† Social Work Education Volume 21. No. 2 1st April 2002 Ring, C. 2001 â€Å"Quality assurance in mental-health care: A case study from social work† Health and Social Care in the Community 9(6) 2001 pp. 383-390 Ruch, G 2002 â€Å"From triangle to spiral: Reflective practice in social work education, practice and research† Social Work Education Volume 21 no. 2 2002 Ruch, G. 2000 â€Å"Self and social work: Towards an integrated model of learning† Journal of Social Work Practice Volume 14, no. 2 November 1st 2000 1 [1] http://www.basw.co.uk/articles.php?articleId=2page=2

The Quality of the Information in Recruitment Documents :: Business Management Studies

The Quality of the Information in Recruitment Documents I discussed HSBC’s key recruitment documents and came to the conclusion that the recruitment and selection process at the company was of the up most importance. I now plan to look at these documents in greater detail. Ø Job Description The main purpose of a job description at any company is to allow candidates to get a brief view of what the job entails. It also allows candidates to assess whether they think they would be suited in that particular job. Below is an example of a job description at HSBC: Role Title: Transfers and Settlements Administration (Job Number – 1.2.2.5) Location: Client Service Centre Reporting to: Client Administration Manager From looking at the above job description we can see that HSBC include: - What the title of the job will be - Where the job will be located - Who the employee should report to To include the title of the job is obviously an important part of any job description. It allows candidates to know what role they are applying for and if successful, the role they will take on. The location of the job is also important, as candidates need to know where to apply. Also if the candidate is successful they need to know whom they are reporting to and for this reason this information is also included in the job description. The job role title allows candidates to get an insight into the type of duties they will be required to carry out. For the particular job role in the job description above, employees will be expected to carry out the following: - Undertake stock transfers on behalf of HSBC clients with SFA regulations and strict internal and external service legal agreements - Undertake trade settlements and correction on behalf of HSBC clients within SFA regulations and strict internal and external service legal agreement - This requires employees to have effective communication skills in order to correspond with internal and external clients There is a section in the description that outlines the key tasks/outputs that the job will involve. These give the candidate a more detailed view of what is expected from them and allows them to make a more informed decision as to whether they think that the job is for them. This also gives candidates a sight into the background of HSBC and is usually very well detailed and presented. Ø Person Specification The person specification outlines what type of person is needed to carry out the job and specifies any skills or qualifications that they require. Is also details what qualities and competencies are needed.

Over The Last Few Years Essay

Over the last few years, social networking has become the newest trend. There are few main ideas that people take social net seriously. At first social networking at school and colleges help students and teachers play an important role in order to improve their abilities. Then it helps us to with reconnecting with people and finally it offers some useful services among friends and families as we create good environment by text messaging, games among others etc. The invention of the social networking has everyone running towards the technology. It has become so popular that really everyone is using whether it is the new generation who know everything about technology or the people who are barely starting to use the internet. People are attached to it because you can communicate with people from all over the world at any time of the day to anywhere you are, you can connect thru the internet. But the internet is not so great; there are many advantages and disadvantages of social networking. Social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram help people share their feelings, thoughts and find out more about their friends’ interests, as well as their personal lives. At the same time putting your personal information such as your name, age, location, gender and many other types of information that you may not want to let others know can be insecure. Also these networking sites can get addiction that often users’ hours and troubles their performance in other grounds. Therefore social networking can be part of everyday life because it has brought revolutionary changes among people. Knowing how to use it wisely and effectively utilize will only enhance our social lives and change for the better.

Final Exam

Answer four of the following seven essay questions. Essay answers should be in paragraph form using complete sentences. (No bullet points) Use PAPA style for citations as needed. Exams may be subject to student submission using Turning at the professor's discretion. Your answers should be submitted as a Word file attached to an email sent to me by the start of class on March 5th. While brevity Is the soul of wit, essay answers should err on the side of completeness versus brevity.That said, I don't want to see the answer to any question go beyond two single-spaced hypocrites pages using a font size of 10-12 points. 1. Congratulations! You have Just been elected ruler off small OLD. What steps will you take to manage the country's balance of trade, and Its currency? Name and use an actual country don't make one up. Sierra Leone is a country that is rich in agricultural and mining resources, yet the great majority (over 70%) of the country still lives in poverty. Economic growth is hin dered by disadvantageous exchange rates and government budget deficits.As the recently elected President of Sierra Leone, I will take any and all necessary steps o bring this beautiful country out of poverty (www. Henbane. Org, 2014). Sierra Leone Is currently working with the International Monetary Fund (MIFF) to implement changes and improvements in our country's economic system. Sierra Leone has made important strides in economic reconstruction and macroeconomic as well as political stability since the end of the civil conflict in 2002. Economic growth has strengthened in the last two years with a stream of iron ore production and increased Infrastructure Investment.As the new president, I will continue working with the MIFF to manage the balance of trade and stabilize our currency (www. MFC. Org, 2013). In regards to Sierra Lens's currency, the exchange rate system is classified as floating, with the value of the Leone (currency) determined by the market. Currently, the central banks interventions are limited and aimed at smoothing volatility in the market. In order to stabilize the currency, I will diligently work with the Bank of Sierra Leone (BOSS) and with the MIFF to Introduce a stringent stabilization policy and reduce our country's debt.This policy will be aimed at first and foremost at tightening monetary regulations and reducing government borrowing. I will encourage the BOSS o move from a wholesale foreign exchange auction system to a retail auction system available to importers. This will enhance the currency's stability in the market as well as improve competitiveness. I will also work with the BOSS to improve monetary policy signaling, address remaining gaps In banking supervision, monetary and foreign exchange operations. I initiatives to encourage the development of micromanage in rural areas.Lastly, and perhaps most importantly, I will continue to work with the MIFF and the BOSS to develop a financial literacy campaign that will help to spr ead knowledge and titivation to continue efforts to stabilize the currency (www. Miff. Org, 2013) As president, I have also been charged with stabilizing trade in Sierra Leone. One of the biggest challenges in trade in Sierra Leone is that of smuggling and illicit trading activities. Sierra Leone is known for mining, especially diamonds, but poor regulation and policy enforcement, and high levels of corruption that lead to considerable levels of money laundering activities.As president, I will establish stricter controls and taxes around the mining trade, and crack down on corrupt government officials. I will continue to work with the government-created mining community development fund (DACCA), created to raise local communities' stake in the legal diamond trade, which returns a portion of diamond export taxes to diamond mining communities (www. Heritage. Org, 2014). Throughout my term as president, I hope to create a great economic turnaround for Sierra Leone, not only through bal ancing the currency and trade in the country, but through many more positive changes.I hope that by reducing budget deficits and improving the fiscal position of the government, I will be able to rehabilitate our social and economic infrastructure, stabilize the economy and provide a better life for Sierra Lens's people. 2. Compare and contrast the different methods of hedging transaction exposure. Include both derivative and non-derivative solutions. Transaction exposure is one of three types of foreign currency exposure. It is a type of risk that companies involved in international trade will face when entering fixed-price financial contracts.The risk occurs after the financial contract is made, and the subsequent fluctuations in currency exchange rates occur randomly and unpredictably. Although transaction exposure is considered short-term economic exposure, these changes in exchange rates can still affect the contract negatively, resulting in significant losses for the firm. The refore, companies participate in various hedging activities to avoid losses from transaction exposure (Nun & Arsenic, 2012). In transaction hedging, there are both derivative as well as non-derivative solutions. Derivatives are simply a contract between two parties.One of the ways which firms hedge transaction exposure is through the use of derivatives such as options contacts. Options are contracts used to reduce the risk of transactions by sing calls (sell) or puts (buy) on a financial asset at an agreed-upon price at some time in the future, which is known as exercising the option. Options also have a maturity or expiration date. In Europe, options can only be exercised at their maturity date, whereas in the United States, options can be exercised any time during the contract (Nun & Arsenic, 2012). Another derivative solution is a futures contract.Futures contracts are an agreement to buy or sell an asset at an agreed-upon price in the future. Unlike options, futures contracts ar e standardized for an amount of the asset, and are usually transacted to exit the market. Hedgers avoid price variation in the market by and pass off risk to a speculator who will take a long or short position in the futures contract. The speculator is considered to be more willing to take on the price risk variation. Futures contracts are short-term and profits and losses are realized on a daily basis (Nun & Arsenic, 2012).Somewhat similar to a futures contract is a forward contract. Forwards are also a contract to buy or sell an asset at an agreed-upon price in the future, however, forward contracts have a specific maturity date unlike the daily settlements used in uterus contracts. Rather than being a standardized contract, forwards are tailor made to the needs of the participants. Also different than futures is that when trading forwards, forwards are often settled through the delivery of goods or cash (Nun & Arsenic, 2012).There are numerous other types of derivatives used to m itigate foreign exchange risk, but the most common are forward and futures contracts, futures options, and swaps which will be discussed later in this exam (Nun & Arsenic, 2012). Many Macs also participate in non-derivative methods for hedging transaction risk. These are often used if a firm has positions in less liquid currencies. In order to mitigate risk in these cases, cross-hedging is a common technique in which a firm will hedge a position in one asset by taking a position in another asset.Effectiveness of cross-hedging is highly dependable on the strength of the relationship between the commodity futures prices and the exchange rate (Nun & Arsenic, 2012). Another non-derivative method to avoid transaction exposure is hedging via lead and lag. A company can lead, to pay or collect on an invoice early, or lag, which means to pay or collect late. By timing the lead and lag strategy correctly, the firm can protect themselves against depreciation or appreciation of the foreign cur rency they are dealing in (Nun & Arsenic, 2012).Hedging through invoice currency can help firms diversify exchange exposure by using currency basket units. A currency basket is a selected group of currencies in which the weighted average is used as a measure of the value of a contract or obligation. It functions as a benchmark for regional currency movements. Because it is a portfolio of currencies, its value is more stable and can be useful as a hedging LOL, especially for long-term contracts where there are no forward or options contracts available (Nun & Arsenic, 2012).The last non-derivative form of transaction hedging that we will discuss is that of exposure netting. Exposure netting helps to centralize a firm's exchange exposure management function in one location, typically in a reinforce center. All invoices from nitrating transactions are sent here, where overall exposure is analyzed and determined. Foreign exchange experts can then determine the optimal hedging methods for the portfolio of transactions and move forward to implement them (Nun Arsenic, 2012). Overall, we have seen that there are numerous options to hedge transaction exposure.There are some similarities among them, but they differ from each other and are applicable to different needs. Derivative forms of hedging are typically contractual, relatively short term solutions to transaction exposure, whereas non- lifestyle. No matter what the case, however, it is prudent for any NC to determine a strategy for transaction hedging before going into significant overseas contracts. 3. Compare and contrast a plain vanilla currency swap with a plain vanilla interest rate swap. Describe and Justify a situation where a NC would use each type of swap.As discussed briefly above, swap transactions are a type of derivative used to mitigate currency exposure in forward trades. A swap is an agreement between two parties to exchange a sequence of cash flows over a period of time- a simultaneous sale of spot foreign exchange against a forward purchase of an equal amount of foreign currency (Nun & Arsenic, 2012). A plain vanilla interest rate swap is the most common and simplest type of swap. They are customized contracts that can be paid monthly, quarterly, yearly, or on a basis decided on by the firms involved.In a plain vanilla interest rate swap, one part agrees to pay the contract at a fixed interest rate, while the other party agrees to pay at a floating interest rate, and the two cash flows are paid in the same currency. The swap typically has a set date of maturity set at some point in the future (MacAfee, 2012). A plain vanilla currency swap, unlike the plain vanilla interest swap, interest and principal payments on a loan are exchanged in 2 currencies. In the plain vanilla currency swap, the two parties exchange payments at the beginning and end of the swap, which also differs from interest rate swaps (MacAfee, 2012).In the case of plain vanilla interest rate swaps, Macs or Mi ff would use these when they are paying a floating rate of interest on liabilities and earning a fixed rate of interest on assets. It can be highly risky for a firm to have such a mismatch between assets and liabilities. Therefore, the firm could use a plain vanilla interest rate swap to rectify the imbalance in their interest payments (MacAfee, 2012). For the case of the plain vanilla currency swap, a firm would be interested in conducting this type of swap when the firm wants to expand operations into another country, but has comparative advantage in its home country.The firm will likely have more favorable financing in its home country, and therefore could perform a currency swap with the country it is expanding into, and gain the necessary funds in the new currency to finance its startup and operations (MacAfee, 2012). 4. Discuss the issues and potential solutions for a NC contemplating foreign direct investment in a OLD. By definition, a NC or Multinational Corporation, is regi stered and/or has operations in more than one country. These types of firms engage in FED, or Foreign Direct Investment.FED is an investment made by a company based in one country onto a company or entity based in another country. Macs making direct investments typically have a significant degree of influence and control over the company into which the investment is made. Open economies with skilled workforces and good growth prospects tend to attract larger amounts of foreign direct investment than closed, highly regulated economies (www. Investigated. Com, 2014). FED can have numerous risks and obstacles for the NC involved. Olds, or Less Foreign direct investment can be an important source of employment opportunities for developing countries.However, anti-corporate advocates criticize Macs for entering Olds that have low human rights or environmental standards. They claim that multinationals give rise to large merged conglomerations that reduce competition and free enterprise, ra ise capital in host countries but export the profits, exploit countries for their natural resources, limit workers' wages, erode traditional cultures, and challenge national sovereignty. However, they remain attractive to investors due to low costs of labor, poorly enforced environmental and economic regulations, and inexpensive resources (www. Investigated. Com, 2014). Economic risk depends on the foreign country's financial state. A country with stable finances and a sound economy will be more attractive to foreign investors than one that has currency fluctuations and difficulty paying debt. Trade barriers and shareholder diversification issues can all be part of the economic risks taken on by a NC that is contemplating FED (Nun & Arsenic, 2012). Trade barriers can often be overcome by moving trade through other countries without trade restrictions.In the case of physical trade barriers, such as poor transportation, FED can be put into place to improve infrastructure and reduce tr ansportation costs (Nun & Arsenic, 2012). Political risk emerges when the political climate in a foreign country becomes unfriendly to investors. Political risk can be classified into three types: transfer risk, operational risk, and control risk. Transfer risk arises from uncertainty about cross border flows of capital and payments. Operational risk arises when the host country's policies affect the NC.Lastly, control risk is caused by uncertainty about the host country's policies regarding ownership and control of local operations (Nun & Arsenic, 2012). When contemplating investing in a OLD, the NC should take care to meticulously search and define the level of risk for doing business with the OLD they are considering, and also outline possible solutions in case of risk exposure. For example, those seeking more in-depth coverage of a particular country or region, two excellent sources of objective, comprehensive country information are the Economist Intelligence Unit and the Centr al Intelligence Agency World Fastback.Either of these resources provides an investor with a broad overview of the economic, political, demographic and social climate of a country. The Ell-J also provides ratings for most of the world's countries. These ratings can supplement those issued by Moody's, S and the other â€Å"traditional† ratings agencies (www. Investigated. Com, 2014). After completing the country analysis, the investing NC will have to decide on a sound investment approach. One of the recommended approaches is for the NC to invest in a broad international portfolio.Diversification is a fundamental principle of domestic investing, and is even more important when investing internationally. Even in a more concentrated portfolio, investments should be spread among several countries to maximize diversification and minimize risk (www. Investigated. Com, 2014). After deciding where to invest, an investor must decide which type of investment to enter. The choice of inve stment vehicle depends on each investor's individual knowledge, experience, risk profile and return objectives. When in doubt, it may make later.In addition to thoroughly researching prospective investments, an international investor also needs to monitor his or her portfolio and adjust holdings as conditions dictate. As in the U. S. , economic conditions overseas are constantly evolving, and political situations abroad can change quickly, particularly in emerging r frontier markets. Situations that once seemed promising may no longer be so, and countries that once seemed too risky might now be viable investment candidates (www. Investigated. Com, 2014). Final Exam Answer four of the following seven essay questions. Essay answers should be in paragraph form using complete sentences. (No bullet points) Use PAPA style for citations as needed. Exams may be subject to student submission using Turning at the professor's discretion. Your answers should be submitted as a Word file attached to an email sent to me by the start of class on March 5th. While brevity Is the soul of wit, essay answers should err on the side of completeness versus brevity.That said, I don't want to see the answer to any question go beyond two single-spaced hypocrites pages using a font size of 10-12 points. 1. Congratulations! You have Just been elected ruler off small OLD. What steps will you take to manage the country's balance of trade, and Its currency? Name and use an actual country don't make one up. Sierra Leone is a country that is rich in agricultural and mining resources, yet the great majority (over 70%) of the country still lives in poverty. Economic growth is hin dered by disadvantageous exchange rates and government budget deficits.As the recently elected President of Sierra Leone, I will take any and all necessary steps o bring this beautiful country out of poverty (www. Henbane. Org, 2014). Sierra Leone Is currently working with the International Monetary Fund (MIFF) to implement changes and improvements in our country's economic system. Sierra Leone has made important strides in economic reconstruction and macroeconomic as well as political stability since the end of the civil conflict in 2002. Economic growth has strengthened in the last two years with a stream of iron ore production and increased Infrastructure Investment.As the new president, I will continue working with the MIFF to manage the balance of trade and stabilize our currency (www. MFC. Org, 2013). In regards to Sierra Lens's currency, the exchange rate system is classified as floating, with the value of the Leone (currency) determined by the market. Currently, the central banks interventions are limited and aimed at smoothing volatility in the market. In order to stabilize the currency, I will diligently work with the Bank of Sierra Leone (BOSS) and with the MIFF to Introduce a stringent stabilization policy and reduce our country's debt.This policy will be aimed at first and foremost at tightening monetary regulations and reducing government borrowing. I will encourage the BOSS o move from a wholesale foreign exchange auction system to a retail auction system available to importers. This will enhance the currency's stability in the market as well as improve competitiveness. I will also work with the BOSS to improve monetary policy signaling, address remaining gaps In banking supervision, monetary and foreign exchange operations. I initiatives to encourage the development of micromanage in rural areas.Lastly, and perhaps most importantly, I will continue to work with the MIFF and the BOSS to develop a financial literacy campaign that will help to spr ead knowledge and titivation to continue efforts to stabilize the currency (www. Miff. Org, 2013) As president, I have also been charged with stabilizing trade in Sierra Leone. One of the biggest challenges in trade in Sierra Leone is that of smuggling and illicit trading activities. Sierra Leone is known for mining, especially diamonds, but poor regulation and policy enforcement, and high levels of corruption that lead to considerable levels of money laundering activities.As president, I will establish stricter controls and taxes around the mining trade, and crack down on corrupt government officials. I will continue to work with the government-created mining community development fund (DACCA), created to raise local communities' stake in the legal diamond trade, which returns a portion of diamond export taxes to diamond mining communities (www. Heritage. Org, 2014). Throughout my term as president, I hope to create a great economic turnaround for Sierra Leone, not only through bal ancing the currency and trade in the country, but through many more positive changes.I hope that by reducing budget deficits and improving the fiscal position of the government, I will be able to rehabilitate our social and economic infrastructure, stabilize the economy and provide a better life for Sierra Lens's people. 2. Compare and contrast the different methods of hedging transaction exposure. Include both derivative and non-derivative solutions. Transaction exposure is one of three types of foreign currency exposure. It is a type of risk that companies involved in international trade will face when entering fixed-price financial contracts.The risk occurs after the financial contract is made, and the subsequent fluctuations in currency exchange rates occur randomly and unpredictably. Although transaction exposure is considered short-term economic exposure, these changes in exchange rates can still affect the contract negatively, resulting in significant losses for the firm. The refore, companies participate in various hedging activities to avoid losses from transaction exposure (Nun & Arsenic, 2012). In transaction hedging, there are both derivative as well as non-derivative solutions. Derivatives are simply a contract between two parties.One of the ways which firms hedge transaction exposure is through the use of derivatives such as options contacts. Options are contracts used to reduce the risk of transactions by sing calls (sell) or puts (buy) on a financial asset at an agreed-upon price at some time in the future, which is known as exercising the option. Options also have a maturity or expiration date. In Europe, options can only be exercised at their maturity date, whereas in the United States, options can be exercised any time during the contract (Nun & Arsenic, 2012). Another derivative solution is a futures contract.Futures contracts are an agreement to buy or sell an asset at an agreed-upon price in the future. Unlike options, futures contracts ar e standardized for an amount of the asset, and are usually transacted to exit the market. Hedgers avoid price variation in the market by and pass off risk to a speculator who will take a long or short position in the futures contract. The speculator is considered to be more willing to take on the price risk variation. Futures contracts are short-term and profits and losses are realized on a daily basis (Nun & Arsenic, 2012).Somewhat similar to a futures contract is a forward contract. Forwards are also a contract to buy or sell an asset at an agreed-upon price in the future, however, forward contracts have a specific maturity date unlike the daily settlements used in uterus contracts. Rather than being a standardized contract, forwards are tailor made to the needs of the participants. Also different than futures is that when trading forwards, forwards are often settled through the delivery of goods or cash (Nun & Arsenic, 2012).There are numerous other types of derivatives used to m itigate foreign exchange risk, but the most common are forward and futures contracts, futures options, and swaps which will be discussed later in this exam (Nun & Arsenic, 2012). Many Macs also participate in non-derivative methods for hedging transaction risk. These are often used if a firm has positions in less liquid currencies. In order to mitigate risk in these cases, cross-hedging is a common technique in which a firm will hedge a position in one asset by taking a position in another asset.Effectiveness of cross-hedging is highly dependable on the strength of the relationship between the commodity futures prices and the exchange rate (Nun & Arsenic, 2012). Another non-derivative method to avoid transaction exposure is hedging via lead and lag. A company can lead, to pay or collect on an invoice early, or lag, which means to pay or collect late. By timing the lead and lag strategy correctly, the firm can protect themselves against depreciation or appreciation of the foreign cur rency they are dealing in (Nun & Arsenic, 2012).Hedging through invoice currency can help firms diversify exchange exposure by using currency basket units. A currency basket is a selected group of currencies in which the weighted average is used as a measure of the value of a contract or obligation. It functions as a benchmark for regional currency movements. Because it is a portfolio of currencies, its value is more stable and can be useful as a hedging LOL, especially for long-term contracts where there are no forward or options contracts available (Nun & Arsenic, 2012).The last non-derivative form of transaction hedging that we will discuss is that of exposure netting. Exposure netting helps to centralize a firm's exchange exposure management function in one location, typically in a reinforce center. All invoices from nitrating transactions are sent here, where overall exposure is analyzed and determined. Foreign exchange experts can then determine the optimal hedging methods for the portfolio of transactions and move forward to implement them (Nun Arsenic, 2012). Overall, we have seen that there are numerous options to hedge transaction exposure.There are some similarities among them, but they differ from each other and are applicable to different needs. Derivative forms of hedging are typically contractual, relatively short term solutions to transaction exposure, whereas non- lifestyle. No matter what the case, however, it is prudent for any NC to determine a strategy for transaction hedging before going into significant overseas contracts. 3. Compare and contrast a plain vanilla currency swap with a plain vanilla interest rate swap. Describe and Justify a situation where a NC would use each type of swap.As discussed briefly above, swap transactions are a type of derivative used to mitigate currency exposure in forward trades. A swap is an agreement between two parties to exchange a sequence of cash flows over a period of time- a simultaneous sale of spot foreign exchange against a forward purchase of an equal amount of foreign currency (Nun & Arsenic, 2012). A plain vanilla interest rate swap is the most common and simplest type of swap. They are customized contracts that can be paid monthly, quarterly, yearly, or on a basis decided on by the firms involved.In a plain vanilla interest rate swap, one part agrees to pay the contract at a fixed interest rate, while the other party agrees to pay at a floating interest rate, and the two cash flows are paid in the same currency. The swap typically has a set date of maturity set at some point in the future (MacAfee, 2012). A plain vanilla currency swap, unlike the plain vanilla interest swap, interest and principal payments on a loan are exchanged in 2 currencies. In the plain vanilla currency swap, the two parties exchange payments at the beginning and end of the swap, which also differs from interest rate swaps (MacAfee, 2012).In the case of plain vanilla interest rate swaps, Macs or Mi ff would use these when they are paying a floating rate of interest on liabilities and earning a fixed rate of interest on assets. It can be highly risky for a firm to have such a mismatch between assets and liabilities. Therefore, the firm could use a plain vanilla interest rate swap to rectify the imbalance in their interest payments (MacAfee, 2012). For the case of the plain vanilla currency swap, a firm would be interested in conducting this type of swap when the firm wants to expand operations into another country, but has comparative advantage in its home country.The firm will likely have more favorable financing in its home country, and therefore could perform a currency swap with the country it is expanding into, and gain the necessary funds in the new currency to finance its startup and operations (MacAfee, 2012). 4. Discuss the issues and potential solutions for a NC contemplating foreign direct investment in a OLD. By definition, a NC or Multinational Corporation, is regi stered and/or has operations in more than one country. These types of firms engage in FED, or Foreign Direct Investment.FED is an investment made by a company based in one country onto a company or entity based in another country. Macs making direct investments typically have a significant degree of influence and control over the company into which the investment is made. Open economies with skilled workforces and good growth prospects tend to attract larger amounts of foreign direct investment than closed, highly regulated economies (www. Investigated. Com, 2014). FED can have numerous risks and obstacles for the NC involved. Olds, or Less Foreign direct investment can be an important source of employment opportunities for developing countries.However, anti-corporate advocates criticize Macs for entering Olds that have low human rights or environmental standards. They claim that multinationals give rise to large merged conglomerations that reduce competition and free enterprise, ra ise capital in host countries but export the profits, exploit countries for their natural resources, limit workers' wages, erode traditional cultures, and challenge national sovereignty. However, they remain attractive to investors due to low costs of labor, poorly enforced environmental and economic regulations, and inexpensive resources (www. Investigated. Com, 2014). Economic risk depends on the foreign country's financial state. A country with stable finances and a sound economy will be more attractive to foreign investors than one that has currency fluctuations and difficulty paying debt. Trade barriers and shareholder diversification issues can all be part of the economic risks taken on by a NC that is contemplating FED (Nun & Arsenic, 2012). Trade barriers can often be overcome by moving trade through other countries without trade restrictions.In the case of physical trade barriers, such as poor transportation, FED can be put into place to improve infrastructure and reduce tr ansportation costs (Nun & Arsenic, 2012). Political risk emerges when the political climate in a foreign country becomes unfriendly to investors. Political risk can be classified into three types: transfer risk, operational risk, and control risk. Transfer risk arises from uncertainty about cross border flows of capital and payments. Operational risk arises when the host country's policies affect the NC.Lastly, control risk is caused by uncertainty about the host country's policies regarding ownership and control of local operations (Nun & Arsenic, 2012). When contemplating investing in a OLD, the NC should take care to meticulously search and define the level of risk for doing business with the OLD they are considering, and also outline possible solutions in case of risk exposure. For example, those seeking more in-depth coverage of a particular country or region, two excellent sources of objective, comprehensive country information are the Economist Intelligence Unit and the Centr al Intelligence Agency World Fastback.Either of these resources provides an investor with a broad overview of the economic, political, demographic and social climate of a country. The Ell-J also provides ratings for most of the world's countries. These ratings can supplement those issued by Moody's, S and the other â€Å"traditional† ratings agencies (www. Investigated. Com, 2014). After completing the country analysis, the investing NC will have to decide on a sound investment approach. One of the recommended approaches is for the NC to invest in a broad international portfolio.Diversification is a fundamental principle of domestic investing, and is even more important when investing internationally. Even in a more concentrated portfolio, investments should be spread among several countries to maximize diversification and minimize risk (www. Investigated. Com, 2014). After deciding where to invest, an investor must decide which type of investment to enter. The choice of inve stment vehicle depends on each investor's individual knowledge, experience, risk profile and return objectives. When in doubt, it may make later.In addition to thoroughly researching prospective investments, an international investor also needs to monitor his or her portfolio and adjust holdings as conditions dictate. As in the U. S. , economic conditions overseas are constantly evolving, and political situations abroad can change quickly, particularly in emerging r frontier markets. Situations that once seemed promising may no longer be so, and countries that once seemed too risky might now be viable investment candidates (www. Investigated. Com, 2014). Final Exam The response to each question or statement is either True or False. 1. A business organized as a separate legal entity owned by stockholders is a partnership. 2. External users of accounting information are managers who plan, organize, and run a business. 3. Two primary external users of accounting information are investors and creditors. 4. Financing activities for corporations include borrowing money and selling shares of their own stock. 5.Income will always be greater under the cash basis of accounting than under the accrual basis of accounting. 6. The difference between unearned revenue and accrued revenue is that accrued revenue has been recorded and needs adjusting and unearned revenue has never been recorded. 7. Cash is a temporary account. 8. Bonding means insuring a company against theft by employees. 9. The treasurer should prepare and sign a check only after authorization to issue a check has been provided. 10. Using borrowed money to increase the rate of return on common stockholders' equity is called â€Å"trading on the equity.The extent of internal control features adopted by a company must be evaluated in terms of cost-benefit. 11. A good system of internal control will safeguard its assets and enhance the accuracy and reliability of its accounting records. 12. All reconciling items in determining the adjusted cash balance per books require the depositor to make adjusting Journal entries to the Cash account. 13. Cash equivalents include money market accounts, commercial paper, and U. S. Treasury bills held for ninety days or less. 14. A basic principle of cash management is to increase the speed of paying liabilities. 5.A cash budget contributes to more effective cash management. 16. A change in accounting principle occurs when the principle used in the current year is different from the one used by competitors in the current year. 17. If a company has sales of $110 in 2007 and $154 in 2006, the percentage decrease in sales from 2006 to 2007 i s 140%. 18. In a common size income statement, each item is expressed as a percentage of net income. 19. Profitability ratios are frequently used as a basis for evaluating management's operating effectiveness 20. Inventory turnover is a measure of equity that focuses on efficient use of inventory. 1 . The current ratio is a measure of all the ratios calculated for the current year. 22. From a creditor's point of view, the higher the total debt to total assets ratio, the lower the risk that the company may be unable to pay its obligations. 23. Alternative accounting methods affect the quality of earnings 24. Because pro formal earnings are based on specific rules, these amounts are highly reliable. Section II: Multiple Choice Choose your response from one of the possible answers provided. 26. A business organized as a corporation ). Is not a separate legal entity in most states. ). Requires that stockholders be personally liable for the debts of the business. C). Is owned by its stoc kholders. D). Has tax advantages over a proprietorship or partnership. 27. Which of the following is not one of the three forms of business organization? A). Corporations. B). Partnerships. C). Proprietorships. D). Investors. 28. An advantage of the corporate form of business is that a). It has limited life. B). Its owner's personal resources are at stake. C). Its ownership is easily transferable via the sale of shares of stock. ). It is simple to establish. 29.The group of users of accounting information charged with achieving the goals of the business is its a). Auditors. B). Investors. C). Managers. D). Creditors. 30. Which of the following is a primary user of accounting information with a direct financial interest in the business? A). Taxing authority b). Creditor c). Regulatory agency d). Labor union 31 . An income statement a). Summarizes the changes in retained earnings for a specific period of time. B). Reports the changes in assets, liabilities, and stockholders' equity ov er a period of time. C). Ports the assets, liabilities, and stockholders' equity at a specific date. ). Presents the revenues and expenses for a specific period of time. 32. Which financial statement is prepared first? A). Balance sheet b). Lonesome statement c). Retained earnings statement d). Statement of cash flows 33. Which one of the following is not a Justification for adjusting entries? A). AdJusting entries are necessary to ensure that revenue recognition principles are followed. B). AdJusting entries are necessary to ensure that the matching principle is followed. C). AdJusting entries are necessary to enable financial statements to be in conformity tit GAP. D).AdJusting entries are necessary to bring the general ledger accounts in line with the budget. 34. If a resource has been consumed but a bill has not been received at the end of the accounting period, then a). An expense should be recorded when the bill is received. B). An expense should be recorded when the cash is p aid out. C). An adjusting entry should be made recognizing the expense. D). It is optional whether to record the expense before the bill is received. 35. An adjusting entry would not include which of the following accounts? A). Cash b). Lintiest Receivable ).Property Tax Payable d). Unearned Revenue 36. At December 31, 2007, before any year-end adjustments, Boils Company's Prepaid Insurance account had a balance of $2,700. It was determined that $1,500 of the Prepaid Insurance had expired. The adjusted balance for Insurance Expense for the year would be a). $l ,500. 0. $2,700. D). $1,900. 37. Which one of the following is not an objective of a system of internal controls? A). Safeguard company assets b). Overstate liabilities in order to be conservative c). Enhance the accuracy and reliability of accounting records d).Reduce the risks of errors 38. Which one of the following would be considered a long-term solvency ratio? A). Receivables turnover b). Return on total assets c). Curre nt cash debt coverage ratio.